Manajemen PDCA (Plan - Do - Check - Action) Walter Shewhart / W. Edwards Deming

DEFINISI MANAJEMEN :
MENDAPATKAN SESUATU YANG DIINGINKAN MELALUI ORANG LAIN. GETTING THINGS DONE THROUGH OTHERS.

MANAJEMEN :
ART – SENI ?
SCIENCE – ILMU ?

FUNGSI MANAJEMEN:

- MENURUT HENRY FAYOL:
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
COMMANDING
COORDINATING
CONTROLLING

- MENURUT LUTHER GULLICK:
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
COORDINATING
REPORTING
BUDGETING

- MENURUT KOONTZ dan O’DONNEL:
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
PLANNING
CONTROLLING

- MENURUT GEORGE R TERRY:
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
ACTUATING
CONTROLLING

TOKOH-TOKOH MANAJEMEN:
FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
HENRY FAYOL
ROBERT OWEN
CHARLES BABBAGE
HARRINGTON EMERSON
FW TAYLOR
DIKENAL SEBAGAI BAPAK MANAJEMEN ILMIAH:
HENRY FAYOL

DIVISION OF WORK
AUTHORITY
DICIPLINE
UNITY OF COMMAND
UNITY OF DIRECTION
SUBORDINATION INDIVIDUAL INTEREST TO GENERAL INTEREST
REMUNERATION
CENTRALIZATION
SCALAR CHAIN
ORDER
EQUITY
STABILITY OF TONURE OF PERSONNEL
INITIATIVE
ESPRIT DE CORPS

HARRINGTON EMERSON:
TUJUAN YANG JELAS
COMMON SENSE
COMPETENT CAUSAL
DICIPLINE
THE FAIR DEAL
RELIABLE
IMMIDIATE AND ADEQUATE RECORDS
STANDARDIZED CONDITION
STANDARDIZED OPERATION
WRITTEN STANDARD PRACTICE INSTRUCTION
EFFICIENCY REWARD

PLAN, DO, CHECK & ACTION

Is the PDCA Cycle as a checklist of the four stages which you must be got from “problem faced to “problem solved”.

Penemunya: Walter Shewhart, efektif dipelopori: W. Edwards Deming.

PLAN
To improve your operations first by finding out what things are going wrong (that is identify the problem faced), and come up with ideas for solving these problems.

DO
Do changes designed to solve the problems on a small or experimental scale first. This minimises disruption to routine activity while testing whether the changes will work or not

CHECK
Whether the small scale or experimental changes are achieving the desired result or not. Also, contiuously check nominated key activities (regardless of any experimentation going on) to ensure that you know what the quality of the out put is at all times to identify any new problems when they corp up

ACTION
To implement changes on a larger scale if the experiment is successful. This mean making the changes a routine part of your activity. Also act to involve other persons (departments, supplier, or customers) affected by the changes and whose coorperation you need to implement them on a larger scale, or those who may simply benefit from what you have learned (you may, of course, already have involved these people in the do or trial stage)

Basic Steps in the Rational Planning Process
Identify a Problem
Identify a Goal
Collect Background Data
Identify a Means of Assessing Alternative Plan Scenarios
Identify Alternative Plan Scenarios
consisting of Policies and Guidelines to achieve the Goal
Assess Alternative Plan Scenarios
Select the Preferred Alternative
Implement the Plan
Monitor, Evaluate and Revise the Implementation
Identify New Problems and Begin the Process again

PDCA DALAM MUTU

STANDAR KUALITAS
STRUKTUR INPUT
STRUKTUR PROSES
KEPUASAN PASIEN
STRUKTUR INPUT
STRUKTUR PROSES
STRUKTUR HASIL